📖3. Create a feature component

At the moment, the HeroesComponent displays both the list of heroes and the selected hero's details.

Keeping all features in one component as the application grows won't be maintainable. This tutorial splits up large components into smaller subcomponents, each focused on a specific task or workflow.

The first step is to move the hero details into a separate, reusable HeroDetailComponent and end up with:

• A HeroesComponent that presents the list of heroes.

• A HeroDetailComponent that presents the details of a selected hero.

Make the HeroDetailComponent

Use this ng generate command to create a new component named hero-detail.

ng generate component hero-detail

The command scaffolds the following:

• Creates a directory src/app/hero-detail.

Inside that directory, four files are created:

• A CSS file for the component styles.

• An HTML file for the component template.

• A TypeScript file with a component class named HeroDetailComponent.

• A test file for the HeroDetailComponent class.

Write the template

Cut the HTML for the hero detail from the bottom of the HeroesComponent template and paste it over the boilerplate content in the HeroDetailComponent template.

The pasted HTML refers to a selectedHero. The new HeroDetailComponent can present any hero, not just a selected hero. Replace selectedHero with hero everywhere in the template.

When you're done, the HeroDetailComponent template should look like this:

src/app/hero-detail/hero-detail.component.html

@if (hero) {
  <div>
    <h2>{{hero.name | uppercase}} Details</h2>
    <div><span>id: </span>{{hero.id}}</div>
    <div>
      <label for="hero-name">Hero name: </label>
      <input id="hero-name" [(ngModel)]="hero.name" placeholder="name">
    </div>
  </div>
}

Add the @Input() hero property

The HeroDetailComponent template binds to the component's hero property which is of type Hero.

Open the HeroDetailComponent class file and import the Hero symbol.

src/app/hero-detail/hero-detail.component.ts (import Hero)

import { Hero } from '../hero';

The hero property must be an Input property, annotated with the @Input() decorator, because the external HeroesComponent binds to it like this.

<app-hero-detail [hero]="selectedHero" />

Amend the @angular/core import statement to include the Input symbol.

src/app/hero-detail/hero-detail.component.ts (import Input)

import { Component, Input } from '@angular/core';

Add a hero property, preceded by the @Input() decorator.

src/app/hero-detail/hero-detail.component.ts

@Input() hero?: Hero;

That's the only change you should make to the HeroDetailComponent class. There are no more properties. There's no presentation logic. This component only receives a hero object through its hero property and displays it.

Show the HeroDetailComponent

The HeroesComponent used to display the hero details on its own, before you removed that part of the template. This section guides you through delegating logic to the HeroDetailComponent.

The two components have a parent/child relationship. The parent, HeroesComponent, controls the child, HeroDetailComponent by sending it a new hero to display whenever the user selects a hero from the list.

You don't need to change the HeroesComponent class, instead change its template.

Update the HeroesComponent template

The HeroDetailComponent selector is 'app-hero-detail'. Add an <app-hero-detail> element near the bottom of the HeroesComponent template, where the hero detail view used to be.

Bind the HeroesComponent.selectedHero to the element's hero property like this.

heroes.component.html (HeroDetail binding)

<app-hero-detail [hero]="selectedHero" />

[hero]="selectedHero" is an Angular property binding.

It's a one-way data binding from the selectedHero property of the HeroesComponent to the hero property of the target element, which maps to the hero property of the HeroDetailComponent.

Now when the user clicks a hero in the list, the selectedHero changes. When the selectedHero changes, the property binding updates hero and the HeroDetailComponent displays the new hero.

The revised HeroesComponent template should look like this:

heroes.component.html

<h2>My Heroes</h2>
<ul class="heroes">
  @for (hero of heroes; track hero.id; let i = $index) {
    <li>
      <button [class.selected]="hero === selectedHero" type="button" (click)="onSelect(hero)">
        <span class="badge">{{hero.id}}</span>
        <span class="name">{{hero.name}}</span>
      </button>
    </li>
  }
</ul>

<app-hero-detail [hero]="selectedHero" />

The browser refreshes and the application starts working again as it did before.

What changed?

As before, whenever a user clicks on a hero name, the hero detail appears below the hero list. Now the HeroDetailComponent is presenting those details instead of the HeroesComponent.

Refactoring the original HeroesComponent into two components yields benefits, both now and in the future:

1. You reduced the HeroesComponent responsibilities.

2. You can evolve the HeroDetailComponent into a rich hero editor without touching the parent HeroesComponent.

3. You can evolve the HeroesComponent without touching the hero detail view.

4. You can re-use the HeroDetailComponent in the template of some future component.

Final code review

Here are the code files discussed on this page.

src/app/hero-detail/hero-detail.component.ts

import { Component, Input } from '@angular/core';
import { Hero } from '../hero';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-hero-detail',
  templateUrl: './hero-detail.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./hero-detail.component.css'],
  standalone: true
})
export class HeroDetailComponent {
  @Input() hero?: Hero;
}

src/app/hero-detail/hero-detail.component.html

@if(hero) {
  <div>
    <h2>{{hero.name | uppercase}} Details</h2>
    <div><span>id: </span>{{hero.id}}</div>
    <div>
      <label for="hero-name">Hero name: </label>
      <input id="hero-name" [(ngModel)]="hero.name" placeholder="name">
    </div>
  </div>
}

src/app/heroes/heroes.component.html

<h2>My Heroes</h2>
<ul class="heroes">
  @for (hero of heroes; track hero.id; let i = $index) {
    <li>
      <button [class.selected]="hero === selectedHero" type="button" (click)="onSelect(hero)">
        <span class="badge">{{hero.id}}</span>
        <span class="name">{{hero.name}}</span>
      </button>
    </li>
  }
</ul>

<app-hero-detail [hero]="selectedHero" />

Summary

• You created a separate, reusable HeroDetailComponent.

• You used a property binding to give the parent HeroesComponent control over the child HeroDetailComponent.

• You used the @Input decorator to make the hero property available for binding by the external HeroesComponent.

-> Hier geht es weiter

💡Hinweise und Zusatzaufgaben zu Kapitel 3